A recent study in Communications Biology reports results from the largest such survey of chimpanzee genetics so far. It suggests that animals from the different groups have mixed more recently than many researchers in the field previously believed. The findings … Continue reading
Journal Club
Highlighting recent, timely papers selected by Academy member labs
Category Archives: Genetics
Massive study suggests chimp populations mixed more recently than previously reported
Categories: Evolution | Genetics | Journal Club | Population Biology
Tagged chimpanzee, gene flow, genome, microsatellite, SNP, subspecies
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Agricultural spray could quickly deliver advantageous genes to crops mid-growing season
Plant breeders are masters of genome tuning, spending years developing crops with the genes to resist disease, drought, and pests. Now, a team of industry and academic researchers in Germany and the United Kingdom has developed a viral vector technology … Continue reading
Categories: Agriculture | Genetics | Journal Club | Sustainability Science
Tagged agriculture, agrobacteria, crops, drought, GMO, pesticides, RNA plant virus, tobacco, tomato
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Noncoding DNA shown to underlie function, cause limb malformations
Genes that code for proteins make up only about 2% of the human genome. Many researchers once dismissed the other 98% of the genome as “junk DNA,” but geneticists now know these noncoding regions help to regulate the activity of … Continue reading
Categories: Biochemistry | Genetics | Journal Club
Tagged CRISPR, EN1, gene, junk DNA, lncRNA
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A cellular and genetic atlas of the lung offers insights into disease and development
Explorers need maps. That’s as true for hikers blazing trails as it is for molecular biologists striving to cure disease. A new atlas of the lungs, recently published in Nature, is the most comprehensive map ever of that vital organ. … Continue reading
Categories: Genetics | Journal Club | Medical Sciences
Tagged bioengineering, cancer, cells, gene expression, lung, map, molecular biology, organ transplant, single-cell RNA sequencing
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Smaller salamander species associated with smaller genomes
The world’s tiniest salamanders are so small that some body parts appear to get short shrift. Those in the genus Thorius, for example, have heads that are “mind bogglingly small, maybe half the size of a pencil eraser,” says herpetologist … Continue reading
Categories: Developmental Biology | Evolution | Genetics | Journal Club | Physiology
Tagged cells, dinosaur, evolution, frog, genome, phylogenetic tree, retrotransposon, salamander
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Deep-sea mussels still show biological rhythms tracking sunlight, tides
Like many land animals, marine organisms follow daily and seasonal clocks—in the water, those clocks are set by the cadence of the sun and the moon. But researchers hadn’t known if deep-sea creatures also exhibit biological rhythms, tucked away in … Continue reading
Categories: Ecology | Genetics | Journal Club
Tagged chronobiology, circadian rhythms, deep sea, marine ecosystem, tides
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Snake venom evolved in fits and spurts
The cocktail of toxins in snake venom experienced constant change with pulses of rapid evolution over the last 60 million years, according to a recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Venom, the researchers report, has changed … Continue reading
Categories: Evolution | Genetics | Journal Club
Tagged diversification, phylogenetics, RNA expression, snake, speciation, toxin, venom
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Variation in a single gene increases plant yield in groups but not in pairs
Groups of diverse plant species often produce more seeds than monocultures. But whether plants ramp up yield in response to genetically distinct, direct neighbors, as opposed to a broader neighborhood of diverse plants, remains an open question in ecology. “It’s … Continue reading
Categories: Agriculture | Ecology | Genetics | Journal Club
Tagged farming, monoculture, MPK4 gene, plant breeding, wild coyote tobacco plant
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Rice gene could make “green revolution” plants greener by cutting back on fertilizer
The green revolution was launched, in large part, with rather squat plants. In the 1960s, farmers began using semidwarf varieties of wheat and rice that produced many grain-bearing branches known as tillers. When farmers added nitrogen fertilizer, the plants gained … Continue reading
Categories: Agriculture | Climate science | Genetics | Sustainability Science
Tagged fertilizer, Green Revolution, greenhouse gas, NGR5, nitrogen, rice, tiller, wheat
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Molecular evidence supports Darwin’s adaptationist view, informing the debate over what drives evolution
Myriad genetic differences distinguish the genomes of two species. What fraction of those differences arises by positive natural selection versus random genetic drift is a central question and topic of debate in evolutionary biology. A recent study in Nature Ecology … Continue reading
Categories: Evolution | Genetics
Tagged adaptation, natural selection, negative selection, neutral theory of evolution, positive selection
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Study uncovers new privacy worries for direct-to-consumer DNA testing
Genetic testing services let consumers analyze their DNA to learn about their heritage, their relatives, and their risk for certain heritable diseases. But access to such personal data hasn’t been without controversy, stoking privacy fears. A recent study in eLife … Continue reading